In music， notes that deviate from an established pattern are often used to create emotional tension. In the “Funeral March” of his Third Symphony， Beethoven replaced sounds with silences to express the mounting sense of sorrow in the piece. In literature， James Joyce was the champion of the intentional error. For Joyce， mistakes were “portals of discovery.” In Ulys in particular， typos， misspellings and absence of punctuation add to the insightfulness of his prose.